An ILS localizer may be offset by up to how many degrees from the runway heading to still be published as a straight-in approach?

An ILS localizer may be offset by up to how many degrees from the runway heading to still be published as a straight-in approach?

• A. 3 degrees
• B. 4 degrees
• C. 2 degrees
• D. 5 degrees

Answer: (A)

An ILS localizer can be published as straight-in only if its course is within 3 degrees of the runway centerline. This small alignment tolerance keeps the final approach path safely aligned with the runway and within the protected area used for obstacle clearance and accurate lateral guidance. If the localizer were offset more than 3 degrees, the procedure would not be published as straight-in and would typically be shown with circling minima or labeled as a localizer-type directional aid (LDA) with different alignment and minimums.

An ILS localizer can be published as straight-in only if its course is within 3 degrees of the runway centerline. This small alignment tolerance keeps the final approach path safely aligned with the runway and within the protected area used for obstacle clearance and accurate lateral guidance. If the localizer were offset more than 3 degrees, the procedure would not be published as straight-in and would typically be shown with circling minima or labeled as a localizer-type directional aid (LDA) with different alignment and minimums.